Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled to Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination
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Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled to Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Bisphenol A and Six Analogs (B, E, F, S, BADGE, BFDGE) in Canned Coffee Drinks by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Dong-xu Wang 1
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Xin-cai Wang 1 & Qi-jie Hu 1 & Cheng-xian Zhang 1 & Fen Li 1 & Feng-li Wang 1 & Qiu-fang Feng 1
Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) coupled to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed as an efficient extraction method for purification and preconcentration of bisphenol A and six analogs (B, E, F, S, BADGE, BFDGE) in canned coffee drinks. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of the analytes. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency in SALLE and DLLME procedures were investigated. Under optimum conditions, matrix-matched calibration curves were established using standard solution spiked canned coffee samples in the range of 0.5–50 μg kg−1 and limit of detections (LODs) were in the range of 0.01–0.1 μg kg−1. Recoveries obtained from spiked canned coffee samples at three concentration levels ranged from 70.3 to 98.3% and the relative standard deviations were lower than 8% for intra- (n = 3) and inter-day (n = 3) precisions at a concentration of 1.0 μg kg−1 of each analyte. The proposed method has the advantages of simple operation, low consumption of organic solvent, fast phase separation, high efficiency, and good selectivity. When applied to eight different brands of analyzed canned coffee samples, it showed good applicability for the determination of the analytes and BPA was detected in 7 out of 8 samples (87.5%). The proposed method was also compared with previous other methods. Keywords Bisphenols . Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction . Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction . Canned coffee drinks . Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Introduction Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental contaminants which may affect endocrine systems causing a wide range of developmental, reproductive, neurological, or metabolic defects in humans and wildlife (Hampl et al. 2016; Kabir et al. 2015; Vela-Soria et al. 2014). Many of them either imitate the hormones or affect them on hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, distribution, and mechanism of action as antagonists (Hampl et al. 2016; Kabir et al. 2015; Troncoso et al. 2015). Bisphenols (BPs) are a class of molecules composed of
* Dong-xu Wang [email protected] 1
Huzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1899 Shushan Road, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
two hydroxylated phenyl groups which have been found to be potent EDCs (Kitamura et al. 2005). Bisphenol A (BPA; 2,2bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane) is one of the most abundant BPs, which is extensively used in the manuf
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