Simultaneous determination of five flavonoids during the growth of Fructus Sophorae by capillary electrophoresis
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Simultaneous determination of five flavonoids during the growth of Fructus Sophorae by capillary electrophoresis Yu-Mei Li
Received: 4 July 2012 / Accepted: 4 April 2013 Ó The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2013
Abstract A method of simultaneous determination of five flavonoids during the growth of Fructus Sophorae by b-cyclodextrin (b-CD-) modified capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. The effects of various parameters such as buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, and b-CD concentrations were investigated. After a series of optimization processes, the determination of five flavonoids in Fructus Sophorae was successfully achieved in 20 mmol/L borax buffer (pH 9.5), 25 kV applied voltage, and 8 mmol/L b-CD. The linearity, detection limits, repeatability, and recovery were satisfactory. Thus, the proposed b-CD-modified capillary zone electrophoresis method was satisfactorily used to analyze Fructus Sophorae samples. The results can be useful for the quality control and medicinal resource development of Fructus Sophorae. Keywords Fructus Sophorae Flavonoids b-cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis
Introduction Fructus Sophorae, a Chinese traditional medicinal herb, is the ripe fruit of the leguminous plant Sophora japonica L. (Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, 2005), which is produced in many provinces in China, such as Y.-M. Li Department of Chemistry, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China Y.-M. Li (&) Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials in Universities of Shandong, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China e-mail: [email protected]
Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu (Gene et al. 1996). This herb is used to cure diseases including hemafecia, hemorrhoids blood, bloody flux, uterine bleeding, hematemesis, liver heat and red eyes, headache and dizziness, and so on (Ramanathan et al. 1993). Current pharmacological research indicates that Fructus Sophorae exhibits significant anti-tumorigenic (DeLemos 2001), anti-angiogenic (Miura et al. 2002), anti-osteoporotic (Shim et al. 2005), anti-atherosclerosis (Si and Liu 2007), and antioxidant (Han et al. 2009) functions. Indeed, this herb is well known to have pharmacological activities and health care functions since the ancient period (Post and Varma 1992; Iacopini et al. 2008). Genistin, genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin are important bioactive constituents of Fructus Sophorae (Chu et al. 2005). Their chemical structures are shown in Fig. 1. However, the flavonoid contents are related to the growth stage. Thus, the flavonoid contents of Fructus Sophorae must be accurately determined to guarantee the efficacy and quality of this herb. Only a few approaches to the determination of the bioactive constituents of Fructus Sophorae have been developed, including spectrophotometry (Varinskii et al. 1999) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Tulaganov and Gaibnazarava 2001). Recently, attention has been paid to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) because of its advantages of high
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