Structural characteristics and anti-complement activities of polysaccharides from Sargassum hemiphyllum
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Structural characteristics and anti-complement activities of polysaccharides from Sargassum hemiphyllum Weihua Jin 1,2 & Qiufu Fang 1 & Di Jiang 1 & Tongtong Li 1 & Bin Wei 3 & Jiadong Sun 4,5 & Wenjing Zhang 6 & Zhongshan Zhang 7 & Fuming Zhang 2 & Robert J. Linhardt 2,8 & Hong Wang 3 & Weihong Zhong 1 Received: 19 January 2020 / Revised: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Three polysaccharides (SH-1, SH-2 and SH-3) were purified from a brown macroalgea, Sargassum hemiphyllum. The autohydrolysis products from each polysaccharide were separated to three fractions (S fractions as oligomers, L fractions as low molecular weight polysaccharides and H fractions as high molecular weight polysaccharides). Mass spectroscopy of S fractions (SH-1-S, SH-2-S and SH-3-S) showed that these three polymers all contained short stretches of sulfated fucose. The structures of L fractions (SH-1-L, SH-2-L and SH-3-L) were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). SH-1-L was composed of two units, unit A (sulfated galactofucan) and unit B (sulfated xylo-glucuronomannan). Unit A contained a backbone of (1, 6-linked β-DGal) n1, (1, 3-linked 4-sulfated α-L-Fuc) n2, (1, 3-linked 2, 4-di-sulfated α-L-Fuc) n3, (1, 4-linked α-L-Fuc) n4 and (1, 3-linked β-DGal) n5, accompanied by some branches, such as sulfated fuco-oligomers, sulfated galacto-oligomers or sulfated galacto-fucooligomers. And unit B consisted of alternating 1, 4-linked β-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and 1, 2-linked α-D-mannose (Man) with the Man residues randomly sulfated at C6 or branched with xylose (Xyl) at C3. Both SH-2-L and SH-3-L were composed of unit A and their difference was attributed to the ratio of n1: n2: n3: n4: n5. Based on monosaccharide analysis, we hypothesize that both SH-1-H and SH-2-H contained unit A and unit B while SH-3-H had a structure similar to SH-3-L. An assessment of anti-complement activities showed that the sulfated galactofucan had higher activities than sulfated galacto-fuco-xylo-glucuronomannan. These results suggest that the sulfated galactofucans might be a good candidate for anti-complement drugs. Keywords Sulfated galactofucan . Sulfated galacto-fuco-xylo-glucuronomannan . Fucoidan . Anticomplement activity . Sargassum hemiphyllum
Introduction Sargassum hemiphyllum, a brown macroalgae, is widely distributed around the seashores in the Far East, including Korea, Japan and China [1]. It has been reported that S. hemiphyllum
contains many bioactive compounds, such as sulfoglycolipids, fucoxanthins, phlorotannins and polyphenols [2, 3]. Studies on the water extraction of polysaccharides from S. hemiphyllum have been reported [1, 4–10]. Hwang and coworkers reported that polysaccharides from S. hemiphyllum displayed anti-
* Hong Wang [email protected]
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Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 02881 Kingston, RI, USA
* Weihong Zhong [email protected]
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Laboratory of Bioorganic
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