Surveillance of Seafood for Microplastics
Surveillance of seafood for microplastic is in high demand, but there are challenges in the establishment of appropriate methods. Even though there are more than hundred scientific publications presenting numbers about the occurrence of plastics in seafoo
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Contents Introduction on Seafood Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perception of Food Security and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sampling Regimes and Strategy for Seafood Safety Evaluations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Risk Assessment: Exposure and Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rationale to Include Microlitter into Seafood Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microlitter in Seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seafood Exposure and Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methodological Challenges in Field Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toxicity Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toxicant Transfer and Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research and Development Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommendations for Seafood Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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T. Kögel (*) Contaminants and biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway e-mail: [email protected] A. Refosco Contaminants and biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy A. Maage Contaminants and biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. Rocha-Santos et al. (eds.), Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10618-8_28-1
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T. Ko¨gel et al.
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Abstract
Surveillance of seafood for microplastic is in high demand, but there are challenges in the establishment of appropriate methods. Even though there are more than hundred scientific pu
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