Refer to Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water and Two Fish Species from Golf Course Ponds in Beijing, China by PuYan
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Refer to Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water and Two Fish Species from Golf Course Ponds in Beijing, China by PuYang, et al., (2015) Yadolah Fakhri1 · Amin Mousavi Khaneghah2 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
We are writing regarding the recently published article entitled “Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water and Two Fish Species from Golf Course Ponds in Beijing, China by PuYang, et al., (2015). The author dealt with the determination of heavy metals in water and two fish species from golf course ponds in Beijing and following health risk assessment but, the idea of research is impressive. However, some points should be considered in order to improve the quality of the prepared manuscript. In this study, the authors determined the health risk of total arsenic in fish. In contrast, the arsenic in fish and shellfish is mainly in the form of organic arsenic (Arsenobetaine) that is less toxic or nontoxic mainly and therefore; the conducted health risk assessment regarding of total As should be corrected (Fakhri et al. 2020; Habte et al. 2015; Heidarieh et al. 2013; Kar et al. 2011; Muñoz et al. 2000; Shi and Chatt. 2018; Sloth et al. 2005; WHO 1999). Also, the FAO/WHO mentioned that “health risk of oral exposure to arsenic via ingestion of fish and shellfish is not considerable, as the majority of arsenic in fish and the edible portion of shellfish is organic” (FAO/WHO 2011). Inorganic form in fish is five times more toxic than arsenobetaine (organic forms) (Bogdanović et al. 2014; Sakurai. 2002). While oral reference dose (RfD: 0.0003 mg/kg day) used in this study belongs to inorganic As (EPA 2017a, b). Hence, As levels in Two Fish Species from Golf Course Ponds in PuYang, X., Gao, C., Han, L. (2015) Risk assessment of heavy metals in water and two fish species from Golf Course Ponds in Beijing, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 94: 437–443. * Amin Mousavi Khaneghah [email protected] 1
Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2
Beijing, China is not considerable. Authors should be aware of differences between the toxicity via the ingestion of inorganic and organic “As” due to seafood consumption. Another important point, in this study, the concentration of heavy metals was calculated based on the dry weight. As fish fillets have̴ ~ 75–80% moisture (FAO 2011) and the author should calculate the concentration of heavy metals based on wet weight with the aid of following equation (Fakhri et al. 2020; Habte et al. 2015; Heidarieh et al. 2013; Kar et al. 2011; Muñoz et al. 2000; Shi and Chatt. 2018; Sloth et al. 2005; WHO 1999):
Cww =
(100 − moisture (% )) × Cdw 100
(1)
where, Cww is concentration based on wet weight (mg/kg ww) and Cdw, concentration based on dry weight (mg/kg dw). Hence, HQ values estimated, and consequently, the conducted risk
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