Retinal Development Methods and Protocols
In recent years, there have been major advances in the concepts and methodologies used in the study of retinal development at both cellular and molecular levels. These advanced methodologies have allowed and will continue to allow researchers to gain new
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IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Retinal Development Methods and Protocols Edited by
Shu-Zhen Wang Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Editor Shu-Zhen Wang Department of Ophthalmology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
Please note that additional material for this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-61779-847-4 ISBN 978-1-61779-848-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-848-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012938950 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface In recent years, there have been major advances in the concepts and methodologies used in the study of retinal development at both cellular and molecular levels. These advanced methodologies have allowed and will continue to allow researchers to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal development. Additionally, the retina, being part of the central nervous system (CNS) and accessible for direct, in vivo experimental manipulations, has historically served and continues to serve as an “eye” to “seeing” the molecular and cellular events underpinning CNS development. In this volume, a group of distinguished researchers offer insightful and detailed protocols for a wide range of experiments that fall into six theme categories. Theme I describes several methodologies for manipulating gene expression in vivo, including conditional gene inactivation (knockout), generation of transgenic Xenopus, and electroporation of embryonic chick and adult mouse eyes. These methodologies are instrumental in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of retinal development, while some may be adapted to investigating potential therapeutic reagents. Theme II focuses on techniques for tracing cell fates with modernized classic blastomere manipulation in Xenopus and with Cre-based technique in mouse and in zebrafish. Theme III covers several protocols of in vitro sy
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