Transcriptome Analysis of Gluconobacter oxydans WSH-003 Exposed to Elevated 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Reveals the Responses
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Transcriptome Analysis of Gluconobacter oxydans WSH-003 Exposed to Elevated 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Reveals the Responses to Osmotic and Oxidative Stress Jun Fang 1,2,3 & Hui Wan 1,3 & Weizhu Zeng 1,2,3 & Jianghua Li 2,3 & Jian Chen 1,2,3,4 & Jingwen Zhou 1,2,3,4 Received: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Industrial production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the precursor of vitamin C, is mainly achieved by a two-step fermentation process carried out by Gluconobacter oxydans, Bacillus, and Ketogulonicigenium. One of the most promising innovations that could replace this complicated two-step fermentation process is the integration of the essential genes for synthesis of 2-KLG into G. oxydans and use of it as the producer. Therefore, determining the tolerance and response of G. oxydans to 2-KLG is a priority for improving the direct production of 2-KLG in this bacterium. In this study, a global view of the gene expression of G. oxydans WSH-003 in response to 2-KLG challenge was investigated by RNA sequencing. A total of 363 genes of G. oxydans that were differentially expressed in response to 2-KLG were uncovered. The results showed that 2KLG could lead to oxidative stress, osmotic stress, and DNA damage in G. oxydans. Keywords 2-KLG . Vitamin C . Comparative transcriptome . Gluconobacter oxydans
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-02003405-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Jingwen Zhou [email protected]
1
National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
2
Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
3
School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
4
Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient and antioxidant for humans and some mammals, and is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, beverage, cosmetics, and feed industries [1]. Due to the pervasive applications of vitamin C, the global ascorbic acid market revenue accounted for 820.4 million US dollars in 2015 and is still growing [2]. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) is the main precursor for the industrial production of vitamin C [3]. Production of 2KLG is mainly achieved on an industrial scale by a two-step fermentation process carried out by Gluconobacter oxydans, Bacillus megaterium, and Ketogulonicigenium vulgare. In the fermentation process, G. oxydans converts D-sorbitol to L-sorbose [4]; the latter is then catalyzed in the B. megaterium and K. vulgare consortium to produce 2-KLG [5]. There are a few t
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