Androgen Action Methods and Protocols
Androgens play a critical role in the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and affect important physiological processes and pathological conditions, including the homeostasis of the normal prostate and prostate cancer. Androgen Acti
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MO L E C U L A R BI O L O G Y
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
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Androgen Action Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Fahri Saatcioglu Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Blindern, Norway
Editor Fahri Saatcioglu Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Oslo Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-242-7 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-243-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-243-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932315 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Androgens have a critical role in the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and affect important physiological processes and pathological conditions, including the homeostasis of the normal prostate and prostate cancer. The effects of androgens are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) which is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Like other steroid receptors, upon hormone binding, AR changes conformation, translocates to the nucleus, binds hormone response elements (HREs) in target promoters, and regulates gene transcription by the recruitment of chromatin modifying and remodelling complexes, coregulators, and other factors of the basal transcription apparatus. In addition, AR can associate with and directly affect other intracellular signalling pathways. This volume is designed with the aim to provide a tool box to study various phases of androgen action, from its entry to the cell to the phenotypic response that the cell mounts, with up-to-date techniques for biochemists, molecular biologists, cell biologists, geneticists, and pathologists. This volume begins with two chapters that review the history of research on androgen action as well as perhaps the most widely studied area in this regard, androgen action and prostate carcinogenesis. This sets the stage for the ensuing chapters that present various methods to investigate androgen acti
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