Capture and toxicity assessment of Ag citrate nanoparticles using jellyfish extract
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Capture and toxicity assessment of Ag citrate nanoparticles using jellyfish extract Jiwon Ha1 · Euna Kim1 · Bong Gu Lee1 · Min‑Kyeong Yeo1,2 Accepted: 31 August 2020 © The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicoproteomics 2020 2020
Abstract Backgrounds In this study, Jellyfish extract at immunity reaction (JEI) captured Ag citrate nanoparticles (Ag citrate NPs) and reduce toxicity was investigated. Methods JEI obtained from Aurelia aurita was used to assess the capture of Ag citrate NPs (10 mg/L, 2 mg/L) during 24 h, and the toxicity of JEI was assessed using a human cell line BEAS-2B. Results JEI was to reduce Ag citrate NPs in water by 34.55% (10 mg/L) after 1 h and by 40.62 ~ 41% (2 mg/L, 10 mg/L) after 24 h. When the BEAS-2B was exposed to 2 mg/L of Ag citrate NPs mixed with JEI showed increase 33.97% survival than 2 mg/L of Ag citrate NPs (0%). Furthermore, the apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bcl2, and Bax) showed no significant difference in expression upon exposure to JEI, compared to the control. Conclusion JEI is to capture Ag citrate NPs and reduce its nano-toxicity. Therefore, such ability of JEI is likely to prove useful in the control of AgNPs flowing into the aquatic ecosystem. Keywords Ag citrate nanoparticle · BEAS-2B cell line · Immunity reaction · Jellyfish extract · Nano-toxicity
Introduction Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show high antimicrobial efficiency (Deshmukh et al. 2019), and are applied in various industries including fiber, food container (Cushen et al. 2012; Dubas et al. 2006; Silver et al. 2006), car interior material (Blaser et al. 2008), and cosmetics (Silver et al. 2006). However, AgNPs can penetrate through human cell membrane and cause damage to mitochondria, resulting in apoptosis due to oxidative stress (Antoby et al. 2015). They can also destroy the synapse of neurons (Xu et al. 2013). In particular, AgNPs can penetrate through the tissues of fish, an organism in the aquatic ecosystem (Fabrega et al. 2011),
* Min‑Kyeong Yeo [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong‑daero, Giheung‑gu, Yongin‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 17104, Republic of Korea
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong‑daero, Giheung‑gu, Yongin‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 17104, Republic of Korea
2
easily accumulating in the tissues (Ale et al. 2018; Jung et al. 2014; Massarsky et al. 2014; Gagné et al. 2012; Wu and Zhou 2012) and interfere with the endocrine system (Degger et al. 2015), or affect the process of development (Kim et al. 2019; Wu and Zhou 2012) and mRNA expression (Martin et al. 2017; Choi et al. 2010). Moreover, AgNPs influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (McShan et al. 2014) and consequent oxidative damages to the major organs such as the liver and gills (Khan et al. 2017; Massarsky et al. 2013; Lee et al. 2012). While it is essential that the flow of AgNPs into the human body or ecosystems should be prevented after
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