Carbohydrate Microarrays Methods and Protocols
Carbohydrate microarrays emerged as a key technology for the deciphering of the glycospace by providing a multiplex technology where tens to hundreds of carbohydrates/protein interactions can be probed in parallel. Carbohydrate Microarrays: Methods and Pr
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Molecular Biology™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Carbohydrate Microarrays Methods and Protocols Edited by
Yann Chevolot Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon – INL, UMR CNRS 5270, Site Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
Editor Yann Chevolot Université de Lyon Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon – INL – UMR CNRS 5270 Site Ecole Centrale de Lyon Ecully, France [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-372-1 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-373-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-373-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938687 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Carbohydrate microarrays have emerged in the late 1990s and early twenty-first century as a key technology for the deciphering of the glycospace. A carbohydrate microarray is a multiplex technology, where tens to hundreds of carbohydrate–protein interactions can be probed in parallel. Multiplexing is made possible, thanks to the immobilization of various carbohydrates at a discrete location on the surface of a material or on coded microspheres for example. This book, dedicated to carbohydrate microarray, is aimed to give the reader the theoretical and experimental clues for the fabrication and implementation of carbohydrate microarrays. The fabrication of carbohydrate microarrays requires (1) to obtain the carbohydrate probes (monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoconjugates, or glycoclusters), (2) to immobilize these probes, (3) to implement the protocols for biological/biochemical interaction with the desired target. Carbohydrate probes can be obtained from natural sources, by synthesis or are commercially available. The synthesis of oligosaccharides is beyond the scope of this book and requires specific skills. Nevertheless, an overview chapter is dedicated to glycochemistry as we felt that notions in the field are essential in particular for the introduction of derivatives (glycosides) for their immobilization. Indeed, immobilization of carbohyd
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