In Vitro Neurotoxicology Methods and Protocols
In recent years, the need to develop acceptable alternatives to conventional animal testing for neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity has been increasingly recognized, and much effort is being directed toward the development of alternative models,
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Molecular Biology™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
In Vitro Neurotoxicology Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Lucio G. Costa Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Science, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy
Gennaro Giordano Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Marina Guizzetti Department of Psychiatry, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Editors Lucio G. Costa Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA and Department of Human Anatomy Pharmacology, and Forensic Science University of Parma Medical School Parma, Italy [email protected]
Marina Guizzetti Department of Psychiatry Jesse Brown VA Medical Center University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA [email protected]
Gennaro Giordano Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-169-7 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-170-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-170-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932680 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface In recent years, the need to develop acceptable alternatives to conventional animal testing for neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity has been increasingly recognized. Hence, efforts are being directed toward the development of alternative models, utilizing not only mammalian cells in culture, but also nonmammalian model systems, such as zebrafish or C. elegans. These in vitro testing procedures have the purposes of investigating mode and/or mechanism of action of chemicals, particularly related to early, upstream events in the neurotoxic process, and of screening chemicals of unknown toxicity, to flag compounds for further in vitro an
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