A symbiotic yeast to enhance heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using sucrose as the car
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RESEARCH PAPER
A symbiotic yeast to enhance heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using sucrose as the carbon source Yong‑Ting Tian1 · Xu Wang1 · Yue‑Hua Cui1 · Shi‑Kai Wang1 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Heterotrophic or mixotrophic culture of microalgae is feasible alternative approach to avoid light limitation in autotrophic culture. However, only a few kinds of organic carbon sources are available for algal culture. Disaccharides, such as sucrose, are difficult to be utilized by microalgae under both heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. In this study, a symbiotic yeast was accidentally found in a contaminated algal suspension. The symbiotic yeast was isolated and identified as Cryptococcus sp. This yeast was able to extracellularly hydrolyze sucrose and accumulated monosaccharides in the medium. It can enhance algal growth using sucrose as the carbon source at both heterotrophic and mixotrophic modes when mix-cultured with Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The highest algal cell density of 118.8 × 106 and 151.2 × 106 cells/mL was achieved with a final algal percentage of 83.5 and 93.2% at heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture, respectively. Furthermore, the protein and lipid content was significantly enhanced by mix-culture C. pyrenoidosa with Cryptococcus YZU-1. The fatty acid accumulated in this co-culture system was suitable for the production of biodiesel. This symbiotic yeast solved the problem that C. pyrenoidosa cannot heterotrophically or mixotrophically utilize sucrose. A high algae density was obtained and the protein and lipid accumulation were also significantly enhanced. This study provided a novel approach for production of protein or lipid-rich biomass using sucrose or sucrose-rich wastes as the carbon source. Keywords Chlorella pyrenoidosa · Symbiotic yeast · Co-culture · Sucrose · Biomass Abbreviations IAA Indole-3-acetic acid MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid SFA Saturated fatty acid
Introduction In recent years, microalgae represent an important raw material to produce a wide range of products, including various types of fuel, carbohydrates, pigments, proteins, biomaterials, and other bioproducts [1]. Even though microalgae Yong-Ting Tian and Xu Wang contribute equally to this work. * Shi‑Kai Wang [email protected] 1
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‑Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
can be a potential source of various bioproducts, mass cultivation of microalgal biomass is a major challenge to be overcome [2]. As the most common cultivation mode, photoautotrophic culture of microalgae faces many limitations, such as the light limitation, the high cost of the closed photobioreactor, the low biomass concentration, et al. [3]. A feasible alternative approach to avoid these issues is heterotrophic culture microalgae using or
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