Assessment of growth and seed oil composition of kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) germplasm
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2013 (December) 16 (4) : 297 ~ 302 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-013-0074-x RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessment of Growth and Seed Oil Composition of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Germplasm Jaihyunk Ryu, Bo-Keun Ha, Dong Sub Kim, Jin-Beak Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, Si-Yong Kang* Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea Received: June 12, 2013 / Revised: September 06, 2013 / Accepted: November 07, 2013 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2013
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and fatty acid composition among 15 kenaf mutants derived from the kenaf germplasm C14 and 15 kenaf accessions originating from Russia, India, China, Iran, and Italy. The overall growth performance (plant height, stem diameter, flowering date, leaf, and flower size) of the stem color mutant lines derived from C14 are similar to those of the original variety. However, the flower color mutant lines derived from C14 showed flowering to occur 10 days later when compared with the original variety and showed smaller leaf sizes than the original variety. Late-ripened kenaf accessions (Jinju, Auxu, and Jnagdae) can yield more bio-mass compared with early or medium-maturing germplasm. The late maturity kenaf (Auxu, Jinju, and Jangdae) has a higher oil percentage than the early maturity germplasm. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all kenaf seeds. The stem color mutant lines significantly surpassed the parental means of all saturated fatty acids. In addition, the flower color mutant lines showed broad ranges of variation in oleic acid. The 15 accessions showed a wide range of fatty acid compositions, spanning from 29.75 to 38.30% saturated fatty acids and 61.70 to 70.24% total unsaturated fatty acids, and the late maturity kenaf has a higher linoleic acid percentage than the early maturity germplasm. The flowering period was highly positively (P ≤ 0.01) correlated with the plant height, stem diameter, oil percent, and linolenic acid (C18:3), and it was significantly negatively (P ≤ 0.01) correlated with stearic acid (C18:0). These results will provide valuable information to assist the parental selection of kenaf breeding. Key words: fatty acid, growth characteristics, kenaf, mutant, seed oil
Introduction Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a member of the Malvaceae family, is a fiber plant originally native to Africa, where it has been grown for several thousand years for food and fiber (LeMahieu et al. 2003). Kenaf is an annual herbaceous and diploid (2n = 2X = 36) crop. This plant is mainly grown in the tropics and subtropics and has the advantage of a wider range of adaptation to climate and soil than other fiber plants in commercial production. Additionally, this plant grows better under drought conditions compared with jute (Rowell and Stout 1998). Under favorable conditions, kenaf can grow up to a height of 5-6 m within 6-8 months and produce up to 30 t ha -1 of dry stem material (Wood 2003). Kenaf
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