Bio-nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Various Types of Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from Oil Palm Biomass Waste
- PDF / 4,599,982 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 67 Downloads / 188 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Bio‑nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Various Types of Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from Oil Palm Biomass Waste Junidah Lamaming1 · Rokiah Hashim1 · Cheu Peng Leh1 · Othman Sulaiman1 · Sofie Zarina Lamaming1 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 16 November 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Studies of bio-nanocomposites using sustainable green materials from biomass waste are presently gain the attention worldwide. This study investigated the properties of bio-nanocomposite films from polyvinyl alcohol incorporated with 1%, 3%, and 5% via solvent casting method using various types of oil palm trunk cellulose nanocrystals isolated using various types of treatment. The produced bio-nanocomposite films were characterized for their mechanical behavior, morphological properties, thermal properties, and functionality groups and the effect of adding the oil palm trunk cellulose nanocrystals into the bio-nanocomposites films were then evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and thermal stabilities of the bio-nanocomposite films increased with the incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals. The bio-nanocomposite films added with 3% cellulose nanocrystals with pre-hydrolysis treatment showed better mechanical and thermal properties and hence have a great potential to be utilized as a raw material or reinforcement in the packaging industries. Graphic Abstract
OPT
100
MPa
CNC
σ
50
0
FILM CASTING
PVA
160 140
ε
120
%
100 80 60
40 20 0 6 5
WT
CNC
CNC
E
4
MPa
R
CNC
3 2 1 0
WOH
WH
CNC CNC
SEM micrographs of PVA/3CNC bionanocomposite films for various types of oil palm CNC
Sample
Mechanical properes of all PVA/CNC bio-nanocomposite films for various types of oil palm trunk CNC and loadings
Keywords Bio-nanocomposite films · Cellulose nanocrystals · Oil palm trunk waste · Reinforcement · Mechanical properties Extended author information available on the last page of the article
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Statement of Novelty One of the potential way of tackling the abundance biomass waste especially oil palm trunk generated from the oil palm industry is by converting it into value-added materials or products. In this context, cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the oil palm trunks waste using different methods of isolation. In this study, bio-nanocomposite films were prepared and reinforced using the various cellulose nanocrystals produced. The cellulose nanocrystals added affected the properties of the produced bio-nanocomposite films by improving the mechanical and thermal properties. Studies on the properties of using various oil palm trunk cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforcement have not yet been reported in the literature and will be useful for potential commercialization of the products in desired applications.
Introduction Demand on the palm oil as a vegetable oil for exportation is expected to increase [1]. The plantation area, particularly in Malaysia, also kept increasing to meet this demand. Even though it boosts the economy of the count
Data Loading...
