Bioaccumulation of metal in liver tissue of fish in response to water toxicity of the Araguari-Amazon River, Brazil
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Bioaccumulation of metal in liver tissue of fish in response to water toxicity of the Araguari-Amazon River, Brazil Lucilene Finoto Viana & Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso & Sidnei Eduardo Lima-Junior & Yzel Rondon Súarez & Alexandro Cezar Florentino
Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 / Published online: 24 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study aimed to determine the concentration of metals in the water and in the liver tissue of fish (Anodus orinocensis, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Curimata vittata, and Plagioscion squamosissimus) in the lower Araguari River. Steps were also taken to estimate any difference in metal bioaccumulation in the liver of fish species at different trophic levels, determine any correlations between metals found in hepatic tissue of fish species relative to that found in river water, and evaluate the bioaccumulation factor. The metals analyzed in the water in the lower Araguari River (Cd, Pb, Fe, Hg, Cu, and Zn) exceeded the limits considered safe for aquatic life. We found a significant difference only in the bioaccumulation of Pb between A. orinocensis and C. vittata (F = 4.65, p = 0.005) and Cr between A. orinocensis and H. unimaculatus (F = 3.12, p = 0.03). Species of distinct trophic levels showed differences in metal concentration in liver. Cd and Cu showed bioaccumulation factor above 100, especially Cu with a relatively high value, for all fish species. The bioaccumulation of metals in the liver of fish species showed a positive correlation with the metals detected in L. F. Viana (*) : A. C. Florentino Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropica (PPGBio) e Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapa, AP 68903-419, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] C. A. L. Cardoso : S. E. Lima-Junior : Y. R. Súarez Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Rod. Dourados Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS 79804-970, Brazil
the water of the Araguari River. In this sense, the lower course of the Araguari River is undergoing some type of environmental stress, making this study of additional valuable in diagnosing environmental quality pursuant to the development of environmental monitoring projects in order to guarantee the safety and maintenance of aquatic life. Keywords Aquatic ecosystems . Ichthyofaunal . Contamination . Concentration . Hepatic tissue
Introduction The reduction of vegetal cover is usually caused by human activities around aquatic environments, causing an imbalance in water bodies with the resultant loss of water quality and, subsequently, diminished fish health (Hussain et al. 2019). In this sense, the water contaminated by different anthropogenic sources is one of the main causes of metal bioaccumulation in fish organs, especially in the liver, the organ responsible for detoxification and transformation of xenobiotics (Silva et al. 2019). Metals accumulated in the liver tissue of f
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