Bone Research Protocols
Studies over the past decade have continued to bring tremendous advances to our understanding of bone biology. New pathways have been discovered and expanded our knowledge of the ways in which genes and gene products affect bone cells and thereby bone mas
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
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Bone Research Protocols Second Edition Edited by
Miep H. Helfrich Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Stuart H. Ralston Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Editors Miep H. Helfrich, PhD Musculoskeletal Research Programme Division of Applied Medicine Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK [email protected]
Stuart H. Ralston, MD Rheumatic Diseases Unit Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital Edinburgh, UK [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-414-8 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-415-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-415-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940327 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface The last decade has continued to bring tremendous advances in our understanding of bone biology. The genes responsible for the majority of rare inherited bone disorders have been identified and much progress has been made in the identification of genes in polygenic disorders, such as Paget’s disease and osteoporosis. Studies of genetically modified mice have resulted in the identification of other genes with profound effects on bone. These studies have uncovered many new pathways which form the focus of research by bone cell biologists to understand the mechanisms by which these genes and gene products affect bone mass and bone strength. The second edition of Bone Research Protocols contains a catalogue of protocols to assist researchers in the pursuit of mechanistic studies. In the tradition of the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, the chapters are practical laboratory protocols that should enable the reader to carry out the techniques from scratch. We have concentrated on laboratory techniques, rather tha
