Desulfitobacterium sp. strain PCE1, an anaerobic bacterium that can grow by reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethen
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© Springer-Verlag 1996
O R I G I N A L PA P E R
Jan Gerritse · Veronique Renard · Teresa M. Pedro Gomes · Paul A. Lawson · Matthew D. Collins · Jan C. Gottschal
Desulfitobacterium sp. strain PCE1, an anaerobic bacterium that can grow by reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene or ortho-chlorinated phenols Received: 31 August 1995 / Accepted: 14 November 1995
Abstract A strictly anaerobic bacterium, strain PCE1, was isolated from a tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating enrichment culture. Cells of the bacterium were motile curved rods, with approximately four lateral flagella. They possessed a gram-positive type of cell wall and contained cytochrome c. Optimum growth occurred at pH 7.2–7.8 and 34–38° C. The organism grew with L-lactate, pyruvate, butyrate, formate, succinate, or ethanol as electron donors, using either tetrachloroethene, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenylacetate, sulfite, thiosulfate, or fumarate as electron acceptors. Strain PCE1 also grew fermentatively with pyruvate as the sole substrate. L-Lactate and pyruvate were oxidized to acetate. Tetrachloroethene was reductively dechlorinated to trichloroethene and small amounts (< 5%) of cis-1,2-dichloroethene and trans-1,2-dichloroethene. Chlorinated phenolic compounds were dechlorinated specifically at the ortho-position. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the organism was identified as a species within the genus Desulfitobacterium, which until now only contained the chlorophenol-dechlorinating bacterium, Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans. Key words Desulfitobacterium · Chlorinated ethenes · Chlorinated phenols · Reductive dechlorination Abbreviations PCE Tetrachloroethene · TCE Trichloroethene · cDCE cis-1,2-Dichloroethene · VC Chloroethene
J. Gerritse (Y) · V. Renard · T. M. Pedro Gomes · Jan C. Gottschal Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands Tel. +31-50-3632169; Fax +31-50-3632154 e-mail: [email protected] P. A. Lawson · M. D. Collins BBSRC Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratory, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
Introduction Halogenated aromatic and aliphatic compounds are notorious environmental pollutants. For an understanding of the fate of such chemicals in the environment and for the development of bioremediation techniques for the cleanup of polluted locations and water streams, it is important to gather detailed information about the physiology and ecology of the bacteria capable of degrading these compounds. Reductive dechlorination is the most important mechanism for the microbial transformation of chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic environmental pollutants under anoxic conditions (Mohn and Tiedje 1992). Indeed, for some poly-chlorinated pollutants, e.g., tetrachloroethene, tetrachloromethane, hexachlorobenzene, and biphenyls with more than seven chlorine substituents, it is the only known mechanism of biodegradation (Mohn and Tiedje 1992). Reductive dechlorination can be a co-metabolic process catalyzed by reduced coenzymes of many anaerobic
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