Rhizobium helanshanense sp. nov., a bacterium that nodulates Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. in China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Rhizobium helanshanense sp. nov., a bacterium that nodulates Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. in China Wei Qin • Zhen Shan Deng • Lin Xu Na Na Wang • Ge Hong Wei
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Received: 1 April 2011 / Revised: 21 October 2011 / Accepted: 24 October 2011 / Published online: 9 November 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011
Abstract Studying rhizobia in the root nodules of Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC in the northwest of China, we obtained five strains classified as genus Rhizobium on the basis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence similarity of strain CCNWQTX14T with the most related species was 99.0%. Further phylogenetic analysis of housekeeping genes (recA and atpD) suggested the five strains comprised a novel lineage within Rhizobium. The nifH and nodD gene sequences of CCNWQTX14T were phylogenetically closely related with those of Sinorhizobium kummerowiae and R. sphaerophysae, respectively. The five strains isolated from different places were also distinct from related Rhizobium species using ERIC fingerprint profiles. The DNA–DNA hybridization value was 41.8% between CCNWQTX14T and Rhizobium sphaerophysae CCNWGS0238T. Our novel strains were only able to form effective nodules on its original host Sphaerophysa salsula. Our data showed that the five Rhizobium strains formed a unique genomic species, for which a novel species Rhizobium helanshanense sp. nov. is proposed. The
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-011-0766-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W. Qin Z. S. Deng L. Xu N. N. Wang G. H. Wei (&) College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China e-mail: [email protected] L. Xu Xinjiang Prodution and Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
type strain is CCNWQTX14T (=ACCC 16237T =HAMBI 3083T). Keywords Polyphasic taxonomy Phylogeny Sphaerophysa salsula Rhizobia
Introduction The flowering plant Sphaerophysa belongs to the tribe Galegeae of legume family Fabaceae and is included in the subfamily Faboideae. The genus Sphaerophysa is closely related to the genus Caragana Fabr. and Calophaca Fisch. There are only two species in this genus throughout the world, S. kotschyana Boiss. and S. salsula DC. (Polhill and Raven 1981). S. kotschyana is endemic to Central Anatolia, while S. salsula is distributed from Central Asia to North China. In China, S. salsula has been used as herbal medicine for the treatment of some diseases such as nephritis, chronic hepatitis, and angioneurotic edema. The plant is moderately winter-hardy, drought-tolerant and plays a significant role in improving degraded soil environments. As leguminous plants Sphaerophysa can form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia for nitrogen fixation. To date, however, there are few reports on the genetic biodiversity and phylo
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