Drinking Water Treatments for Arsenic and Manganese Removal and Health Risk Assessment in White Rock, Canada
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Drinking Water Treatments for Arsenic and Manganese Removal and Health Risk Assessment in White Rock, Canada Guangji Hu1 · Haroon R. Mian1 · Roberta Dyck1 · Madjid Mohseni2 · Saad Jasim3 · Kasun Hewage1 · Rehan Sadiq1 Received: 16 August 2019 / Revised: 30 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 December 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The City of White Rock, Canada has been facing challenges of elevated concentrations of arsenic and manganese in its drinking water supply. A pilot water treatment study was conducted to explore effective contaminant removal solutions for human health risk mitigation. The arsenic and manganese removal performance of four treatment processes, including ozonation-manganese greensand filtration (OSF), OSF-iron-based granular media adsorption (OSFIA), the Burgess Iron Removal Method (BIRM), and BIRM-iron-based granular media adsorption (BIA) were evaluated. The non-cancer health risks and the incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) posed by arsenic in different water sources were also assessed. The results show that OSFIA treatment achieved the highest arsenic and manganese removal. An average arsenic removal rate of 68.5% (initial concentration = 9.3 μg/L) was observed using OSFIA during two months of treatment, while manganese (initial concentration = 133.9 μg/L) can be completely removed. The arsenic removal was mainly be attributed to the adsorption of iron-based granular media. The mean values of non-cancer health risks of arsenic exposure due to oral intake of treated water were identified to be lower than the critical threshold for different age groups. In addition, the probability of critical ILCR occurrence can be greatly reduced. Based on the results from the pilot study, OSFIA was selected to construct a full-scale water treatment plant. Arsenic and manganese concentrations in the effluent from the plant can be reduced to a low-to-undetectable level, achieving negligible health risks to the residents of the city. Keywords Arsenic · Manganese · Ozonation · Human health risk · Drinking water quality · Pilot water treatment Abbreviations AO Aesthetic objective BIA Burgess iron removal method + iron-based granular media adsorption BIRM Burgess iron removal method HQ Hazard quotient ILCR Incremental lifetime cancer risks Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00338-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rehan Sadiq [email protected] 1
School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
2
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
3
Utilities Engineering and Municipal Operations, City of White Rock, White Rock, BC V4B 1Y6, Canada
MAC Maximum acceptable concentration OSF Ozonation + manganese greensand filtration OSFIA Ozonation + manganese greensand filtration + iron-based granul
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