Exploring antibiotic resistance in environmental integron-cassettes through intI-attC amplicons deep sequencing
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY - RESEARCH PAPER
Exploring antibiotic resistance in environmental integron-cassettes through intI-attC amplicons deep sequencing Marcela França Dias 1,2 & Giovanni Marques de Castro 1 & Magna Cristina de Paiva 3 & Mariana de Paula Reis 1 & Susanne Facchin 1 & Anderson Oliveira do Carmo 1 & Marta Salgueiro Alves 2,4 & Maria Luíza Suhadolnik 1 & Amanda de Moraes Motta 1 & Isabel Henriques 4,5 & Evanguedes Kalapothakis 1 & Francisco Pereira Lobo 1 & Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento 1 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract Introduction Freshwater ecosystems provide propitious conditions for the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and integrons play an important role in this process. Material and methods In the present study, the diversity of putative environmental integron-cassettes, as well as their potential bacterial hosts in the Velhas River (Brazil), was explored through intI-attC and 16S rRNA amplicons deep sequencing. Results and discussion ORFs related to different biological processes were observed, from DNA integration to oxidationreduction. ARGs-cassettes were mainly associated with class 1 mobile integrons carried by pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria, and possibly sedentary chromosomal integrons hosted by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Two putative novel ARG-cassettes homologs to fosB3 and novA were detected. Regarding 16SrRNA gene analysis, taxonomic and functional profiles unveiled Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria as dominant phyla. Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria classes were the main contributors for KEGG orthologs associated with resistance. Conclusions Overall, these results provide new information about environmental integrons as a source of resistance determinants outside clinical settings and the bacterial community in the Velhas River. Keywords Environmental integron-cassettes . Antibiotic resistance . Urban river microbiome . 16S rRNA gene
Introduction Aquatic environments have been recognized as a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly those receiving antibiotics used in agriculture, animal breeding, and Responsible Editor: Melissa Fontes Landell * Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento [email protected] 1
Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
2
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
3
Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
4
CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
5
Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
hospitals, as well as biocides and heavy metals [1]. The environmental resistome is influenced by many intertwined factors, including the anthropogenic impact type and magnitude, and selective pressure impos
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