Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of different extracts of Psidium guajava lea
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RESEARCH ARTICLES
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of different extracts of Psidium guajava leaves Aarti Raj1 · Vikas Menon1 · Nitin Sharma1 Received: 25 February 2020 / Revised: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Society for Plant Research 2020
Abstract Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) is an important food crop and medicinal plant supporting its traditional uses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of various solvent extracts of leaves of P. guajava. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and highest amount of phytocompounds was reported with methanol, ethanol and acetone extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be highest in acetone extract (256.32 ± 4.56 mg/g GAE) and n-butanol extract (198.64 ± 1.23 mg/g RE) respectively. The antimicrobial assay revealed that acetone extract (13.5 ± 2.12 mm) exhibit maximum zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa; while acetone (14 ± 0.71 mm) and ethanol (14.5 ± 2.12 mm) showed maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus. Chloroform extract (10.2 ± 1.13 mm) showed maximum inhibition to the growth of C. albicans. Guava leaves also possess antioxidant activity which was evaluated in terms of % DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and was found highest in acetone extract (41%). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated in terms of stimulation index using bovine lymphocytes and highest stimulation index was found with methanol extract (1.432 ± 0.193). This study revealed that acetone extract of guava leaf comprises effective antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity and can be used for therapeutic applications. Keywords Psidium guajava · Phytochemicals · Solvent · Antimicrobial · Antioxidant · Cytotoxicity
Introduction Medicinal plants are known for their acceptability by human and animal system. According to a report from World Health Organization, about 80% of the population of developing countries depend on traditional plant-based medicines, for their primary health care needs (Hassan 2009) due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity (Barbour et al. 2004; Yasunaka et al. 2005). Indigenous systems such as Siddha, Ayurveda and Unani depend upon several plants species to treat different ailments (Rabe and Staden 1997). The present study has been carried out on Psidium guajava which is a fruit tree with medicinal importance and is a native of South America. It is commonly known as guava,
* Vikas Menon [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
lemon guava, mubera, mupeera etc. Every part of this tree, whether its fruit, leaves, bark or roots, have been used for treating stomach-ache and diarrhoea in many countries. Ethanolic extracts of stem have a high anti-diabetic activity (Mukhtar et al. 2006; Rai et al. 2007). Guava contains a large numb
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