Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and p -aminophenol using glassy carbon electrode modified with nitrogen- and s
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and p-aminophenol using glassy carbon electrode modified with nitrogenand sulfur- co-doped carbon dots Jingjing Wang 1 & Hua Zhang 1 & Junhong Zhao 2 & Ruyue Zhang 1 & Na Zhao 1 & Hailong Ren 3 & Yingchun Li 1,2 Received: 23 May 2019 / Accepted: 20 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Walnut shell was processed for preparing nanoporous carbon, which further underwent element doping in order to boost its performance. A novel electrochemical sensor was then built by using the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped walnut shell carbon (N,SWSC). Morphology and microstructure of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and BrunauerEmmett-Teller (de)sorption which showed that N,S-WSC has a large specific surface with abundant pores. Electrochemical properties of differently modified sensors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. They demonstrated enhanced conductivity and enlarged surface after N,S co-doping. The modified electrode exhibits good catalytic ability towards paracetamol (ACOP) and p-aminophenol (PAP), and baseline separation of their oxidation peaks (peak potential difference is 0.24 V) allows for simultaneous detection of these two compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration plot is linear in the 0.1 to 220 μM ACOP concentration range, with a 26 nM detection limit. Response to PAP is linear from 1.0 to 300 μM, and the detection limit is 38 nM (at S/N = 3). The sensor was successfully applied to quantify ACOP and PAP in tablets, and the accuracy of results is validated by HPLC. Keywords Simultaneous detection . Electrochemical sensor . Pharmaceutical analysis . Scanning electron microscopy . Brunauer-Emmett-Teller . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy . Cyclic voltammetry . Differential pulse voltammetry . Nanoporous material
Introduction Acetaminophen (ACOP) is the most commonly used acetaniline antipyretic analgesic, also known as Jingjing Wang and Hua Zhang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3870-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yingchun Li [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
2
School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3
Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
paracetamol [1]. It can be used for fever caused by cold, headache, joint pain, toothache and other diseases [2]. Although ACOP is generally considered as a safe and effective drug when taken at the recommended dose, overdose may result in severe liver damage [3]. In addition, paminophenol (PAP), a major special impurity of ACOP, ca
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