Chrysoporthe puriensis sp. nov. from Tibouchina spp. in Brazil: an emerging threat to Eucalyptus
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chrysoporthe puriensis sp. nov. from Tibouchina spp. in Brazil: an emerging threat to Eucalyptus M. E. S. Oliveira 1,2 & N. A. van der Merwe 3 & M. J. Wingfield 3 & B. D. Wingfield 3 & T. P. F. Soares 1 & A. M. Kanzi 3 & M. A. Ferreira 1 Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract The discovery of Cryphonectriaceae and more specifically species related to the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis on shrubs and trees in the Melastomataceae, has deepened our understanding of relevant, and potentially globally threatening tree pathogens. Recent isolations of Cryphonectriaceae associated with cankers on Tibouchina spp. in Brazil gave rise to an apparently undescribed species of Chrysoporthe associated with stem and branch cankers that lead to tree death. Cultures of this fungus were subjected to phylogenetic studies based on sequences for the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions. These analyses revealed a novel taxon that is described here as Chrysoporthe puriensis sp. nov., having both sexual and asexual states. Pathogenicity tests on two species of Tibouchina (T. granulosa, T. heteromalla) and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla showed that Chr. puriensis can infect and cause disease on all of these trees. It is clearly not only damaging on native Tibouchina spp. where environmental conditions are conducive to disease development, but also potentially threatening to non-native Eucalyptus spp., which form the basis of a major plantation forest industry. Keywords Cryphonectriaceae . Canker disease . Tibouchina granulosa . T. heteromalla . Phylogeny . Pathogenicity
Introduction The Cryphonectriaceace includes some of the most important pathogens of trees. Most notable of these are the chestnut blight pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica (Gryzenhout et al. 2006b; Gryzenhout et al. 2009) and the Eucalyptus canker species Chrysoporthe cubensis, Chr. deuterocubensis and Chr. austroafricana (Wingfield et al. 2001; Gryzenhout et al. 2009). Of these species Chr. cubensis is well known and apparently native in Brazil where it was first discovered
* M. A. Ferreira [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (Federal University of Lavras), Postal Box 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2
Forest Pathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (Federal University of Tocantins), Postal Box 66, Gurupi 77402-970, Tocantins, Brazil
3
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
(as Cryphonectria cubensis) as a threat to plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Hodges et al. 1973, 1976, 1986). Intriguingly, this pathogen and some of its relatives were later discovered in various South American countries on native shrubs and trees in the Melastomataceae (Seixas et al. 2004; Rodas et al. 2005; Gryzenhout et al. 2005; Barreto et al. 2006). These fungi have also been fou
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