New species in the genus Francisella (Gammaproteobacteria; Francisellaceae); Francisella piscicida sp. nov. isolated fro
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S H O R T CO M MU N I C A T I O N
New species in the genus Francisella (Gammaproteobacteria; Francisellaceae); Francisella piscicida sp. nov. isolated from cod (Gadus morhua) Karl F. Ottem · Are Nylund · Egil Karlsbakk · Alice Friis-Møller · Bjørn Krossøy · Dag Knappskog
Received: 29 March 2007 / Revised: 15 May 2007 / Accepted: 8 June 2007 / Published online: 10 July 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007
Abstract A Francisella strain, GM2212, previously isolated from moribund farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway, is closely related to Francisella philomiragia among Francisella spp. according to its complete 16S rDNA, 16S-23S intergenic spacer, 23S rDNA, 23S–5S intergenic spacer, 5S rDNA, FopA, lipoprotein TUL4 (LpnA), malate dehydrogenase and hypothetical lipoprotein (LpnB) sequences. A comparison between GM2212 and the type strain of Francisella philomiragia were performed by DNA–DNA hybridization and fatty acid analysis. The DNA–DNA hybridization showed a 70% similarity. The fatty acid analysis showed only minor diVerences between the Francisella isolates. Due to the inconclusive result from the DNA–DNA hybridisation, major emphasis concerning the status of this isolate is made on previously published molecular, phenotypic and biochemical characters. All characteristics taken together support the establishment of GM2212 as a novel species, for which the name Francisella piscicida sp. nov. is proposed (=CNCM I-3511T = DSM 18777T = LMG registration number not yet available). Keywords Francisella piscicida sp. nov. · DNA–DNA hybridization · Fatty acids Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. K. F. Ottem (&) · A. Nylund · E. Karlsbakk Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Post Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway e-mail: [email protected] A. Friis-Møller Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegårds alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark B. Krossøy · D. Knappskog Intervet Norbio AS, Thormohlensgt 55, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Introduction The family Francisellaceae contains one genus, Francisella, and only two recognized species, F. tularensis and F. philomiragia (Sjøstedt 2005). From diseased farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the county of Rogaland, western Norway, a Francisella sp. (GM2212) was isolated in 2004 (Nylund et al. 2006). Based on complete 16S rDNA, 16S– 23S intergenic spacer, 23SrDNA, 23S–5S intergenic spacer, 5S rDNA, FopA, lipoprotein TUL4 (LpnA), malate dehydrogenase and hypothetical lipoprotein (LpnB) sequences, GM2212T was generally clearly separated from F. tularensis, and was closest to F. philomiragia. Based on the above-listed molecular data and comparative biochemical and phenotypic characters GM2212T was also considered diVerent from F. philomiragia and a likely new species (Nylund et al. 2006; Ottem et al. 2006). To further elucidate the relationship between GM2212T from cod and F. philomiragia (DSM 7535, ATCC25015T), a DNA–DNA hybridization and comparative fatty acid analysis were performed. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data presented in our previous studies (Nylund et al.
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