The complete mitochondrial genome of the mixtured pygmy frog Microhyla mixtura (Anura, Microhylidae)
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TECHNICAL NOTE
The complete mitochondrial genome of the mixtured pygmy frog Microhyla mixtura (Anura, Microhylidae) Yanyu Zhao1 · Hongzhe Meng2 · Lina Su3
Received: 27 July 2017 / Accepted: 11 August 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017
Abstract The mixtured pygmy frog (Microhyla mixtura, Liu and Hu 1966) is an endemic species in China, which has suffered habitat degradation and isolation recently. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of M. mixtura was sequenced and annotated. The 16,729-bp circular mitochondrial genome contained a conserved set of 37 mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The gene order was identical to the typical vertebrate gene arrangement. The overall base composition of this genome was as follows: 29.5% A, 24.9% C, 31.4% T, 14.2% G, with a total A+T content of 60.9%. Both phylogenetic trees based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference showed that Microhyla was grouped within Microhylinae and M. mixtura was closely related to Microhyla okinavensis. Keywords Microhyla mixtura · Microhylidae · Mitochondrial genome The mixtured pygmy frog (Microhyla mixtura, Liu and Hu 1966) is an endemic species in China, which mainly distributes in the Mount Dabieshan and Qinling regions. In general, amphibians are used as biomonitoring for environment * Lina Su [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
2
The High School Attached to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
3
Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoological Species, Xi’an, China
and biodiversity assessment (Xu et al. 2004; Corrales et al. 2015). Recent research revealed that M. mixtura was a ideal indicator species for water quality assessment, especially the early stage of water pollution (Wang et al. 2016). Additionally, Microhyla spp. also play an important role to the health of agroecosystem. However, the mass use of pesticides and/ or herbicides, and increasing tourism and mining industry resulted in the remarkable reduction of natural population size for these small frogs, in particular to the endemic species (Johansson et al. 2006; Relyea and Diecks 2008). And besides, the exotic species invasions, e.g. bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), accelerated the degradation of habitat. To date, more than six species of Microhyla were evaluated as threatened status on the IUCN 2017 red list (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Mitochondrial genome provides a great deal of information for species identification, molecular phylogeny, population structure and dynamic research (Cameron 2014; Zhang et al. 2016). It has been widely used as a powerful molecular marker for systematics, biodiversity, conservation biology and ecology. In this study, we sequenced and reported the first complete mitochondrial genome of the M. mixtura. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of Microhylidae and phylogenetic position of M. mixtura were assessed using mi
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