Neisseria zalophi sp. nov., isolated from oral cavity of California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus )
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Neisseria zalophi sp. nov., isolated from oral cavity of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) Dmitriy V. Volokhov1 · Megan Amselle2 · Sonya Bodeis‑Jones3 · Pierluigi Delmonte4 · Shuping Zhang5 · Maureen K. Davidson3 · Frances M. Gulland6 · Vladimir E. Chizhikov1 Received: 22 December 2017 / Revised: 21 February 2018 / Accepted: 22 February 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Three independent strains of Neisseria sp. were isolated from the oral cavity of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) that were admitted to The Marine Mammal Center facilities in California, USA. The strains were isolated from oral swabs by cultivation on Trypticase Soy agar with 5% sheep blood under aerobic conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of these three strains shared 99% similarity, but demonstrated only 97–98% nucleotide similarity to the phylogenetically closest relatives such as N. canis, N. zoodegmatis, N. animaloris, and N. dumasiana. These three strains also shared 99% sequence similarity of their rplF, rpoB, and gyrB gene sequences. Based on the biochemical tests alone (i.e., without genetic analysis of housekeeping genes), it is difficult to discriminate this novel species from N. canis; however, it can be easily discriminated from all phylogenetically closely related species using the sequencing analysis of its housekeeping genes (e.g., rplF, rpoB, or gyrB genes). Thus, genetic testing is indispensable for accurate identification of this species in a routine laboratory practice. The species is an obligate aerobe and able to grow in Mueller–Hinton broth supplemented with 6% NaCl, but the phylogenetically closely related species (N. canis, N. zoodegmatis, N. animaloris, and N. dumasiana) were not. Based on these phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, we conclude that these new strains represent a novel species of the genus Neisseria, for which the name Neisseria zalophi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CSL 7 565T (= ATCC BAA2455T = DSM 102031T). Keywords Neisseria zalophi sp. nov. · Neisseria · California sea lions · Phylogeny
Introduction The genus of Neisseria contains 28 species and subspecies (http://www.bacter io.net/neisseria.html and https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy) that represent commensals of Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-018-1499-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dmitriy V. Volokhov [email protected] 1
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Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, The US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Building 52, Room 1120, Silver Spring, MD 20993‑0002, USA American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
humans and other animals (Knapp 1988; Liu et al. 2015) and the well-known human pathogens, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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